{"id":61,"date":"2025-07-18T08:23:13","date_gmt":"2025-07-17T23:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/?page_id=61"},"modified":"2026-07-29T09:54:51","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T00:54:51","slug":"tfcalc","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/","title":{"rendered":"TFCalc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1110\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_1110_350_en.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_1110_350_en.png 1110w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_1110_350_en-300x95.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_1110_350_en-1024x323.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_1110_350_en-768x242.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1110px) 100vw, 1110px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons wp-container-content-1 is-content-justification-left is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 has-custom-font-size is-style-fill has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-liquid-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/\">General Info<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-liquid-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/special-features\/\">Special Features<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-liquid-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/examples\/\">Examples<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-liquid-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/tutorials\/\">Tutorials<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100 has-custom-font-size has-small-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-liquid-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/index-of-tfcalc-web-site\/\">Index<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-nostyle has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33f8941b13553ceaeb7dbe2a219f3075\" style=\"color:#000080\">Software for the Design and Manufacture of Optical Thin Film Coatings<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The industry\u2019s leading software for designing and manufacturing optical thin film coatings that won\u2019t require you to take a class or hire an expert to use. It\u2019s simple, it\u2019s easy, and with our product TFCalc, you can design coatings for lenses, computer monitors, eyeglasses, window panes, light bulbs, hot and cold mirrors, x-rays mirrors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-bottomline\">Why TFCalc?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Easy to use<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A stable, reliable tool that runs on Windows<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equipped with features required by coating designers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equipped with features not found in other design programs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unlimited definition of materials, substrates, and illuminants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Setting variable indices for layers, and combining multiple materials on a single layer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provides a cost-effective solution<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Powerful optimization feature\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Needle optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global search<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sensitivity optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cone-angle targets optimization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#papers\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc#papers\">TFCalc is used in various research papers!<\/a><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#ededed;flex-basis:50%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center is-style-nostyle\">Case Study: <br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/MMC_TFCalc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Empowering Optics Students with TFCalc for Coating Design<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/MMC_TFCalc.pdf\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_MCC_image-212x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1139\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_MCC_image-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_MCC_image-724x1024.png 724w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_MCC_image-768x1086.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_MCC_image-1086x1536.png 1086w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/TFCalc_MCC_image.png 1364w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Alexis Vogt, PhD <br>Endowed Chair &amp; Professor of Optics<br>Monroe Community College (NY, USA)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-bottomline\">More information about TFCalc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Can maintain the symmetry of a design while it\u2019s being optimized.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Helps the designer locate the designs that minimize the merit function.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilizes needle optimization, a powerful tool in designing multilayer coatings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Allows for needle\/tunneling, so the designer has more designs from which to choose when it comes to manufacturing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Computes EFI (electrical field intensity) to calculate performance of thin film coatings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Utilizes Monte Carlo method to generate random designs\u2026and then displays results!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can compute the sensitivity of each coating layer of a design.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can simulate the output of an optical monitor, used in the manufacturing thin film coatings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Determines the refractive index of a thin layer coating using variable materials and fitting a dispersion formula.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All computations are done with 10-byte extended-precision numbers, which offer about four additional digits. This is important for designs having many layers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"678\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/tf_top_1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/tf_top_1.png 950w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/tf_top_1-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/software\/tfcalc\/tf_top_1-768x548.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TFCalc is a powerful program with many features. This summary is not a complete list of its capabilities. For a more complete description of TFCalc, the user manual should be read. Another way to learn about TFCalc is to run the demo version, which is available for&nbsp;downloading&nbsp;from this website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Thin-Films\">Thin Films<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Up to 5000 layers on both sides of the substrate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Layers can be added manually or created with a stack formula, such as (HL)^5 1.2(HL)^5<br><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-13496\" style=\"width: 450px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/software\/tfcalc\/tf_ov_1.png\" alt=\"\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Layers may have a variable index<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Layers may consist of mixtures of two materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Layer thickness may be entered as physical or quarter-wave optical thickness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Layer thicknesses may be constrained<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thicknesses may be adjusted for angle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A layer may be replaced by an equivalent (HLH)^p or (LHL)^p stack<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Layers may be grouped to preserve symmetry or to shift a sequence of layers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rugate coatings can be simulated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Layers may consist of active and gain materials<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Analysis\">Analysis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Compute reflectance, transmittance, absorptance, optical density, loss, phase shift, psi, group delay (GD), group delay dispersion (GDD), TOD, and electric field intensity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compute reflected or transmitted color (CIE and LAB)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compute equivalent (Herpin) index of a sequence of layers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compute the sensitivity of reflectance, transmittance, absorptance, optical density, loss, phase shift, and color to normal manufacturing errors (thickness and index)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compute the layer sensitivity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compute cone-angle average (also called biconical) reflectance, transmittance, absorptance, density, and loss with user-defined radiation distributions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interactive analysis can be used to determine how changes to one or more parameters affect the performance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Animations can be created using the interactive analysis feature<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yield analysis allows the user to determine the manufacturability of a coating<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Either the Muller or Abeles phase shift convention may be selected<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simulate the output of a light monitor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compute admittance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Optimization\">Optimization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Three local methods: Variable Metric, Gradient, and Simplex<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global Search may be used to find the best coating design<br><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/wp-content\/uploads\/software\/tfcalc\/tf_ov_2.png\" alt=\"\"><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Needle optimization (with tunneling) may be used to synthesize unusual designs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vary either thickness or index or both<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Layer thickness can be constrained during optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deviations are displayed during optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Index profile may be displayed during optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flexible merit function<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optimize front and back layers simultaneously<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Optimize group factors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sensitivity may be optimized<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zero-thickness layers may be removed automatically during optimization<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An illuminant and a detector function may be entered, making it possible to optimize a coating for specific environments<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The product R*T can be optimized<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Performance from both sides of a coating can be optimized<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cone-angle average may be optimized<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ultra-fast quantities (GD, GDD, TOD) may be optimized<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Automatic design of bandpass filters using the prototype method<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Optimization-Targets\">Optimization Targets<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Optimization targets can be reflectance, transmittance, absorptance, density, color, luminance, phase shift, group delay, group delay dispersion, TOD, and psi at any wavelength, polarization, and angle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Targets can be either discrete (one wavelength), continuous (for a range of wavelengths), or cone-average (for a cone of angles)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>First, second, and third derivatives of these quantities maybe used as targets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Targets can be entered manually, generated automatically, or read from files<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Generated targets may be distributed by wavelength, wave number, or logarithmically<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Target values can be inequalities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Up to 5000 targets<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Targets for multiple environments<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equal-ripple targets can be generated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Target values can be entered in dB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Results may be displayed numerically or graphically<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All tables and graphs can be printed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Results can be saved in a file for processing by other programs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Results can be saved as an animation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Results of up to 5 coating designs can be displayed simultaneously on a graph<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Two results, such as reflectance and transmittance, can be overlaid on one graph<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Screen plots have a cursor that enables the designer to read numbers from the plot<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Performance statistics may be computed for any result<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Save plots as GIF files<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Optical-Data\">Optical Data<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unlimited number of material, substrate, illuminant, detector, and radiation distribution data files<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Refractive index maybe entered as tables or dispersion formulas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Internal transmittance can be read for substrates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Missing N or K data can be filled in using interpolation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Refractive index (N and K) can be computed from spectral or ellipsometric data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Material and substrate data can be absorbing and dispersive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The reflectance or transmittance of a coating can be saved as an illuminant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comments can be stored with each data file<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Data can be read from text files<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blackbody illuminants may be created<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Coating Files<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Contain all information about a coating \u2014 layers, targets, comments, variable materials, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Easy to copy parts of one coating file to another<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Export coating designs to Code V and ZEMAX optical design software<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accurate and Fast<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>All calculations are done in 16-digit floating-point arithmetic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During optimization, TFCalc calculates up to 500,000 layers\/second on top-of-the-line computers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"User\">User Interface<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Easy-to-use, standard Windows user interface<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menus, dialogs, spreadsheet-like windows<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Very easy to edit and recompute<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-nostyle\">History of TFCalc enhancements <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Latest version:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/3x-changes\/\">TFCalc 3.6.2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/34-changes\/\">TFCalc 3.4 Changes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/33-changes\/\">TFCalc 3.3 Changes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/32-changes\/\">TFCalc 3.2 Changes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/31-changes\/\">TFCalc 3.1 Changes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/30-changes\/\">TFCalc 3.0 Changes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/29-changes\/\">TFCalc 2.9 Changes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/28-changes\/\">TFCalc 2.8 Changes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-blocktitle is-style-nostyle\" id=\"papers\">Research papers using TFCalc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-tablenoborder\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15625\/0868-3166\/22927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Design and experimental evaluation of TiO<sub>2<\/sub>\/MgF<sub>2<\/sub> dual-layer anti-reflection coatings for Nd- and Er-doped phosphate glass lasers<\/a><\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Le Van Dai<sup> 1<\/sup>,&nbsp;Do Thanh Tung<sup> 2<\/sup>,&nbsp;Pham Duc Tuan<strong><sup> 1<\/sup><\/strong>,&nbsp;Truong Hong Giang<sup> 1<\/sup><\/strong><br><sup>1 <\/sup>Academy of Military Science and Technology, 17 Hoang Sam, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam<br><sup>2 <\/sup>Institute of Technical Physics, 17 Hoang Sam, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15625\/0868-3166\/22927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15625\/0868-3166\/22927<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">(Abstract)<br>This study focuses on the design and experimental evaluation of two-layer TiO<sub>2<\/sub>-MgF<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;anti-reflection (AR) coatings on Nd- and Er-doped phosphate glass for laser applications at 1053 nm and 1535 nm. Using matrix theory and TFCalc software, the optimized design achieves reflectance close to 0% for Nd-doped glass and below 0.1% for Er-doped glass. The coatings were fabricated using the SYRUSpro 710 system, achieving experimental transmittance values of 99.7% in the 1050\u20131080 nm range and 99.8% in the 1530\u20131570 nm range, despite minor discrepancies between experimental and simulated results. The coating durability meets MIL-SPEC standards for mechanical testing. Additionally, laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) measurements at 1064 nm yielded a 50% damage fluence of 13.2 J\/cm\u00b2 for the Nd-doped sample, demonstrating reliable laser resistance suitable for moderate-fluence solid-state laser applications. This research lays the foundation for optimizing coating processes and advancing the development of rare-earth-doped solid-state laser sources.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-tablenoborder\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano13162281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Anti-Reflective Coatings Produced via Atomic Layer Deposition for Hybrid Polymer 3D Micro-Optics<\/a><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>Darija Astrauskyt\u0117<sup>&nbsp;1<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4028-5263\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>, Karolis Galvanauskas<sup>&nbsp;2<\/sup>, Darius Gailevi\u010dius<sup>&nbsp;2<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1453-3276\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>, Mantas Drazdys<sup>&nbsp;1<\/sup>, Mangirdas Malinauskas<sup>&nbsp;2,*<\/sup><a href=\"mailto:mangirdas.malinauskas@ff.vu.lt\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6937-4284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>&nbsp;and Lina Grineviciute<sup>&nbsp;1,*<\/sup><br><\/strong><sup>1<\/sup> Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanori\u0173 av. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania<br><sup>2<\/sup> Laser Research Center, Physics Faculty, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio av. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania<br><sup>*<\/sup> Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><em>Nanomaterials<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>2023<\/strong>,&nbsp;<em>13<\/em>(16), 2281;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano13162281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano13162281<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">(Abstract)<br>The increasing demand for optics quality requires the lowest optical power loss, which can occur from unwanted reflections. Laser direct writing (LDW) allows for the fabrication of complex structures, which is particularly advantageous in micro-optic applications. This research demonstrates the possibility of forming an anti-reflective coating on hybrid polymer micro-lenses fabricated by employing LDW without changing their geometry. Such coating deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD) decreased the reflection from 3.3% to 0.1% at a wavelength of 633 nm for one surface of hybrid organic\u2013inorganic SZ2080\u2122 material. This research validates the compatibility of ALD with LDW 3D multiphoton lithography synergistically, expanding its applications on optical grade sub-100 \u03bcm scale micro-optics.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-tablenoborder\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JATIS.5.3.038001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Polarization modeling and predictions for Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope part 5: impacts of enhanced mirror and dichroic coatings on system polarization calibration<\/a><\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>David M. Harrington <sup>1<\/sup>,&nbsp;Stacey R. Sueoka <sup>1<\/sup>,&nbsp;Amanda J. White <sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><br><sup>1<\/sup> National Solar Observatory (United States)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.spiedigitallibrary.org\/journals\/Journal-of-Astronomical-Telescopes-Instruments-and-Systems\/volume-5\/issue-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, Vol.&nbsp;5, Issue&nbsp;3<\/a>,&nbsp;038001&nbsp;(Jun 2019) <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JATIS.5.3.038001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.JATIS.5.3.038001<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">(Abstract)<br>The Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) is designed to deliver accurate spectropolarimetric calibrations across a wide wavelength range and large field of view for solar disk, limb, and coronal observations. DKIST instruments deliver spectral resolving powers of up to 300,000 in multiple cameras of multiple instruments sampling nanometer scale bandpasses. We require detailed knowledge of optical coatings on all optics to ensure that we can predict and calibrate the polarization behavior of the system. Optical coatings can be metals protected by many dielectric layers or several-micron-thick dichroics. Strong spectral gradients up to 60&nbsp;deg retardance per nanometer wavelength and several percent diattenuation per nanometer wavelength are observed in such coatings. Often, optical coatings are not specified with spectral gradient targets for polarimetry in combination with both average- and spectral threshold-type specifications. DKIST has a suite of interchangeable dichroic beam splitters using up to 96 layers. We apply the Berreman formalism in open-source Python scripts to derive coating polarization behavior. We present high spectral resolution examples on dichroics where transmission can drop 10% with associated polarization changes over a 1-nm spectral bandpass in both mirrors and dichroics. We worked with a vendor to design dichroic coatings with relatively benign polarization properties that pass spectral gradient requirements and polarization requirements in addition to reflectivity. We now have the ability to fit multilayer coating designs which allow us to predict system-level polarization properties of mirrors, antireflection coatings, and dichroics at arbitrary incidence angles, high spectral resolving power, and on curved surfaces through optical modeling software packages. Performance predictions for polarization at large astronomical telescopes require significant metrology efforts on individual optical components combined with system-level modeling efforts. We show our custom-built laboratory spectropolarimeter and metrology efforts on protected metal mirrors, antireflection coatings, and dichroic mirror samples.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-nostyle\">TFCalc System Requirements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>OS:<\/strong>&nbsp;Windows 10, 11 (32-bit mode)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u203b TFCalc is designed to allow for a single user or a single machine.&nbsp;Please contact us, if you want to use TFCalc in a thinclient environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Single user license<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It can be installed on 2 machines for only the case of using a TFCalc by the same user, not available for simultaneous use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When multiple users want to use TFCalc, each user must purchase a separate TFCalc license.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Single machine license<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When TFCalc is installed on only one machine, any users who can access it can use TFCalc on it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When you want to install multiple machines, each machine must be installed with a separate TFCalc license.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-nostyle\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/contact\/tfcalc-quote-demo-request\/\">Try how it works  (Quote \/ Demo Request)<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading is-style-nostyle\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/tfcalc\/installation\/\">TFCalc Product Installation Instruction<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Software for the Design and Manufacture of Optical Thin Film Coatings The industry\u2019s leading software for designing and manufacturing optical thin film coatings that won\u2019t require you to take a class or hire an expert to use. It\u2019s simple, it\u2019s easy, and with our product TFCalc, you can design coatings for lenses, computer monitors, eyeglasses,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"liquid.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-61","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61"}],"version-history":[{"count":159,"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1333,"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61\/revisions\/1333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hulinks.co.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}